In a skillet over medium-high heat, cook the sausage until browned and cooked through. The internal temperature should reach 160°F (71°C). Drain off any excess fat. If using links, cut them into bite-sized pieces.
In a large bowl, gently combine the cooked sausage, quartered hard-boiled eggs, sliced mushrooms, and 1 cup of the shredded cheese. Be gentle to keep the egg pieces mostly intact.
Lightly grease an 8-inch (20 cm) square baking dish. Transfer the egg and sausage mixture to the dish and spread it in an even layer.
Sprinkle the remaining ½ cup of cheese over the top of the mixture.
In a small bowl, stir the breadcrumbs and melted butter together until the crumbs are evenly coated. Scatter the buttered breadcrumbs over the cheese layer.
Cover the dish with foil or plastic wrap and refrigerate for at least 8 hours, or overnight.
When ready to bake, preheat the oven to 325°F (165°C). Remove the cover from the dish.
Bake for 50 to 60 minutes, until the casserole is bubbling in the center and the topping is golden brown.
Let the casserole rest for 5 to 10 minutes before cutting and serving. This helps it set.